Attack Ground

Attack Ground allows you to target a specific location rather than a specific unit. This command is an option on both Catapults and Battleships. Battleships can use attack ground to shoot at Submarines when they are unable to see them. They can also use it to shoot ahead of fast moving transports in the hopes of hitting them. Battleships can use attack ground to hit targets they couldn't normally hit using splash damage. Catapults rarely have use for attack ground but they can also use it to hit fast moving targets and for laying down a barrage of fire.

Attack and Attack Move

The Attack Command instructs a unit to attack a target which may be friendly or not. The unit will move to and attack the unit or building you clicked on if it is able to. It is up to you to make sure your forces reach their destination. You will find that picking good "waypoints" and careful control will aid you in this task.

If you select Attack and click on an area, rather than a unit, the forces will "attack-move" to the area you clicked on, automatically engaging any enemy units or buildings that come into their range on the way to their destination. They will not react to any units that they are unable to attack.

Attack-move is by far the safest way to move units from one location to another. If you use the move command instead, your forces might walk through an enemy ambush, and instead of returning fire they will continue on while they are being attacked. This is only desirable in certain instances better explained in the move command section. Basically, attack-move can be considered the same as a "search and destroy" order, and is the easiest way to clear out towns and allow your troops to deal with unexpected enemies.

Right Clicking on an enemy unit is the same as selecting the Attack command and clicking on the unit. If, however, you miss the intended target and click on the ground rather instead, you will end up issuing a move command.

Try to use attack-move (via clicking on the surrounding area) rather than targeting an enemy unit, unless you absolutely intend to kill the targeted unit at any cost. A common problem is when you select a group of units and tell them to attack an enemy unit some distance away. If that enemy unit is killed, all the units that you told to attack it will stop, since they no longer have a target. Since you won't receive any warning that they've lost their target, you might not realize that those reinforcements that you were waiting for are still sitting halfway across the battlefield. This problem will not happen if you tell the units to attack-move by selecting the ground surrounding the area you want to move to, rather than selecting an enemy unit. For land and flying units the icon for stop will match the icon for armor upgrades in the Blacksmith. The exception is for Mages and Death Knights, and Catapults which have their own special attack. For Sea units, the Stop icon will represent the armor upgrades that have been researched in the foundry.

Patrol

A unit on patrol will effectively perform an attack-move between its location and the point that you tell it to patrol to. Just like a normal attack-move, the unit will automatically engage any enemy troops that it encounters, unless it has no way to attack them (Ogre vs. air unit, for example.)

Once a patrolling unit encounters an enemy, it will attempt to destroy it, pursuing it if necessary, but it will resume its normal patrol route once it has dealt with the enemy unless it finds other targets to attack along the way.

Use Patrol with flyers to watch resource spots and make sure the enemy does not build on them. Use Patrol when you want your units to return to their path after battle. Use Patrol to watch small choke points. Place Ogres on Patrol outside your town to watch for Sappers.

Unit Control

Now that you have the knowledge of unit commands, you'll need to use them in order to control your units. Unit control is what will separate the skilled from the newbies and if you want to win, you'll need to use control to gain an advantage in every battle. Listed below are some tips.

The Run Around
When you tell a group of units to attack a single enemy they will attempt to reach that enemy walking around until they can get a clear shot. When mixing up both enemy and friendly units sometimes the path becomes blocked and not every friendly unit can reach it's target. At this point the lost units begin to wander looking for openings which means they are not adding their power to the attack. Try to limit the time a unit is not engaged in combat to a minimum.

The Run Around has a potential to lose entire battles, even when you outnumber and possibly out upgrade the enemy because you have units that are not contributing in anyway to combat. Those units may end up running around until they get killed before having the chance to respond. In laggier games, this problem maybe be compounded. If units are doing a run around for any longer than a few seconds, quickly instruct them to attack move into the nearest enemy.

Have As Many Units As Possible Attacking The Same Enemy
The more guys you have attacking the same enemy, the quicker that enemy is killed allowing you to move on to the next enemy. Using this method, you can make quick work an enemy.

When attacking the enemy, command all your units to attack the same enemy unit but when a unit cannot easily reach a target the preferred target, instruct it to attack the nearest enemy. Do not set up a situation where units are doing a run around.

Make Sure You Get All Your Units Are Engaged In Combat
Sometimes one of your units makes it to the battle, possibly after being recently trained at a Barracks but has not yet been instructed to attack. Maybe it has already attacked and has finished killing an enemy or wasn't able to reach it and is just standing there. Quickly instruct it to attack the next nearest or preferred enemy to reduce downtime. The more units that are making a positive contribution to the battle, the quicker it will be over.

Never Try Taking On Two Units With One Unless the Health of the Two Is Very Low
Common sense says do not attack two of the same type of enemy, with the same or lesser upgrades with only one unit. Instead of suiciding the unit, run or hide and wait till you have more units to attack. For example: If 4 Footmen are attacking your town, don't keep making one Footman and send him against the 4. Instead make a Footman, hide him, or run with him, make another and another and THEN when you have a sizable force, attack. If you do attack with only one, those 4 Footmen will often all hit him at the same time and he will die instantly, quite often before the Footman can even damage the enemy.

Keep All Your Land Units and Ships Together When Attacking
It's quite common to send a force out and have them become separated due to enemy contact or terrain. Sometimes some units may be faster than others, and the group becomes separated. Before attacking group everyone together somewhat outside the enemy town. Wait for everyone as each unit may be the difference between winning or losing. This is especially the case with Battleship battles. If you send them in one at a time, the enemy will surround and overcome them on their own. You may find yourself losing a superior force to a small number of grouped enemy units if you're not careful.

Move

Move tells a unit to move to the destination that you click on no matter what they run into. If the enemy starts attacking them, they will continue on their way taking any damage without responding. This command means essentially, "Go there no matter what". This command should be used very carefully -- if you tell a group of units to move to a location, and they are ambushed by enemy units, they will continue towards the destination rather than responding to the attack. This can quickly lead to a massive slaughter of your forces if you are not careful. They will walk by Towers, run straight into and by Ogres, or anything else that crosses their path. They will not stop unless they run into some physical barrier such as water, trees and so on, reach their destination, or are given another command.

You should only use this command when you are sure the enemy will not ambush your forces or when you don't care if your force take any damage from any enemy units they meet along the way, i.e. if you're trying to retreat your troops or move past enemy defenses to get to their Peons.

Note: right-clicking on an area (not unit or building) also issues the move command.

Stand Ground

Stand Ground orders the unit to stay where it is no matter what happens. If that unit is attacked, it will fire back if the enemy is within range but it will not chase that enemy. If a unit on Stand Ground is attacked and it cannot return fire it will continue to sit there taking damage until it is destroyed. That's the danger with Stand Ground-- a single enemy unit with superior range can pick off your troops one by one such as Mages, Catapults and Archers.

Stand Ground is useful to prevent units from chasing any units. A good example of this is on the map Nowhere to Run . When the enemy attacks with Catapults from the other side of the trees, idle Footmen will often charge to the trees in response putting them in the range of more Catapults, Towers or Archers. Stand Ground can stop them from charging in this situation. Stand Ground also prevents units from charging their way into a Mage Bomb or Double Blizzard.

Stop

The Stop command tells a unit to stop where they are as soon as possible, ignoring and canceling whatever previous command they were given. Stop is sometimes useful when you have a group of moving units that you want to stop and open fire immediately which is only the case with ranged units such as Archers, Catapults, and Battleships. For example, if you have a group of Archers on move orders, and they encounter an enemy squad, it's faster to issue a Stop command than it is to order them to Attack an area. This comes in handy when your forces are about to run into some serious defenses such as Towers and Runes that you may not have previously known about -- you don't really want your units to retreat where they will continue to take damage nor do you want them to continue where they will come under even more fire.

For land and flying units the icon for stop will match the icon for armor upgrades in the Blacksmith. For Sea units, the Stop icon will represent the armor upgrades that have been researched in the foundry.

Stand Ground Vs Stop

If you don't want your units to chase people attacking them such as Catapults, Mages, Archers, select Stand Ground. Your units won't move at all until you tell them too. That is the difference between stop and stand ground. If your units are stopped they will chase people attacking them however on Stand Ground, they will just stand there and take the hits.

Spread Units Out When Idle

Keep a nice distance between your units during down times such as when they are waiting for more units to attack, or defending a base. Do not put units right next to each other in groups. Tightly packed groups of units make easy targets for mass grouped unit destruction tricks such as Mage Bombs, Double Blizzards, Hasted Death Knights and Goblin Sappers.

Make anyone that groups their guys together pay by using these same area affect attack strategies against them. Usually, in the game, you should not have units standing around for too long. They should either be attacking the enemy or patrolling the base. Try to only group units together when you're about to attack or when there is no chance of enemy group unit destruction maneuvers. Early in the game there is no worry of such attacks, but once the enemy reaches the Stronghold/Keep phase, it is time to beware.

The study of consumer behavior examines all aspects of consumers' feelings, thoughts, and reasons for making particular decisions in purchasing products or services or subscribing to ideas, and also how consumers use and dispose of products. Influences on a consumer's beliefs or practices may be influenced by family and friends, religious beliefs, cultural attitudes, by social expectations, by professional standards, by advertising appeals, or by any combination of these factors. While some of these influences are felt in the conscious mind of a consumer (all my friends are wearing a certain kind of boots this fall, so I've decided to buy a pair just like them), an even greater factor may be unconscious beliefs or associations (the smell of this fabric softener reminds me of my mother's laundry day when I was a child, so I'll pick it over the other that doesn't carry personal associations).

The most obvious application for knowledge of consumer behavior is obviously marketing strategy—understanding that a growing number of consumers are on low-carbohydrate diets, for instance, has led to an ever-increasing number of products that are labeled as “Low Carb.?But the study of consumer behavior also has repercussions for public policy (allowing government agencies to make regulations to protect consumers), social marketing (promoting ideas that encourage people to act in their own best interest, such as wearing seatbelts or adopting safe-sex practices), and consumer education (teaching practices that make us smarter shoppers, such as buying in bulk to save money or avoiding produce that has been treated with dangerous pesticides).

Marketers may examine consumer behavior using either primary or secondary research. Primary research is that which is done specifically for a particular product or service, examining attitudes among consumers who make use of it. Secondary research was done by another party or for another purpose, such as census data. While secondary research has many fruitful applications, its uses may be far more limited than primary research, which can be designed address any issue of interest to the marketer.

Primary research is usually conducted by asking consumers to answer survey questions, either by mail, internet, telephone, or in person. Mail surveys are useful because they are inexpensive and may ask as many questions as desired, but the return rate is usually quite low, and, as the respondents are self-selected, the results may be unreliable (people who fill out a survey that comes in the mail with a detergent sample, for instance, may already be loyal to that brand, which isn't helpful in understanding how to recruit new consumers). Telephone surveys may reach a somewhat broader audience, but they are more expensive to conduct and are limited by the participants' patience—most people are unwilling to devote more than five minutes to answering a surveyor's questions over the phone. Internet surveys can be cheap to set up, but exposure to aggressive internet advertising has made many consumers resistant to surveying by this method, and, as with telephone surveys, those who will participate may grow frustrated if the survey isn't brief. Questioning consumers in person, by setting up a booth or desk in a shopping area, can be an effective way of reaching a target group, but face-to-face interviews are particularly prone to unintentional bias. The unconscious behavior or facial expressions of an interlocutor may cause the consumer to answer questions in the way he or she believes is desired.

Any attempt to survey consumers, though, must deal with the issue of bias. The simple wording of a question can predispose consumers to respond in a certain way. For instance, asking “Do you like Coke better than Pepsi??is likely to produce a higher number of Coke loyalists than simply asking “What's your favorite soft drink??Any human involvement in the survey, whether by phone or in person, just adds an additional potential for biased results.

Another way of examining consumer attitudes is through assembling six to 12 consumers in a focus group. Focus groups may work in a less structured way, getting participants to begin a conversation about a class or group of products or services rather than asking pointed questions. This can help avoid bias from those conducting the research and allow consumers to express attitudes that might never have been discovered in a more structured survey, but, as in any group interaction, dominant personalities may influence how others express their ideas. Focus groups are also expensive to conduct and unreliable in making generalizations about wider populations unless many groups are assembled.

Direct observation of consumer behavior in a shopping environment can be a useful tool, allowing us to gauge, for instance, if consumers approaching a display of food products really do go to look at the “Low Carb?packaging first. In some occasions, researchers will examine subjects' physiological responses to advertising. Does a commercial for a cake frosting make the subject salivate? Does a man's heart rate increase when he sees beautiful women in a beer commercial? Again, these methods may be quite expensive and time-consuming, and a great many consumers must be examined for the results to be statistically significant.

No one method of conducting primary research is perfect or necessarily more advantageous generally than others. In selecting methodology, marketers must consider what kind of information is most important to gather and select the most appropriate method.

A Familiar World

World of Warcraft draws heavily upon the lore of the Warcraft universe. Long-time fans of the Warcraft games are finally able to step into the world from a player's perspective, and experience the universe firsthand. People, places, and units from the strategy games are finally brought to life in World of Warcraft.

You can visit such places as the Burning Steppes, where Grom Hellscream fell in battle against the demon lord Mannoroth, and Ironforge, where the dwarves make their home below the mountain. Legendary heroes, such as Thrall, Cairne Bloodhoof, and King Magni Bronzebeard, are also in the game, presiding over their respective peoples as leaders in their race's capitals.

Guards in the human city of Stormwind look just like footmen from Warcraft III, peasants in the human town of Hillsbrad look exactly like their counterparts in the strategy games, and orc peons shuffle about the farms of Go'Shek in the Arathi Highlands. Night elf players can even see gargantuan Ancient Protectors patrolling the elven lands of Teldrassil, while a towering Ancient of War waits to greet all visitors to Darnassus.

World of Warcraft draws heavily upon the lore of the Warcraft universe. Long-time fans of the Warcraft games are finally able to step into the world from a player's perspective, and experience the universe firsthand. People, places, and units from the strategy games are finally brought to life in World of Warcraft.

You can visit such places as the Burning Steppes, where Grom Hellscream fell in battle against the demon lord Mannoroth, and Ironforge, where the dwarves make their home below the mountain. Legendary heroes, such as Thrall, Cairne Bloodhoof, and King Magni Bronzebeard, are also in the game, presiding over their respective peoples as leaders in their race's capitals.

Guards in the human city of Stormwind look just like footmen from Warcraft III, peasants in the human town of Hillsbrad look exactly like their counterparts in the strategy games, and orc peons shuffle about the farms of Go'Shek in the Arathi Highlands. Night elf players can even see gargantuan Ancient Protectors patrolling the elven lands of Teldrassil, while a towering Ancient of War waits to greet all visitors to Darnassus.

World of Warcraft presents many different monsters to challenge you in battle. These creatures roam the countryside and populate vast dungeons and aboveground locations. There are wandering beasts, such as wolves, spiders, scorpions (called scorpids in this world), six-legged crocodiles called crocolisks, crabs, vultures, hyenas, big cats, bears, and more. More sinister enemies also block your travels. Humanoid foes of every kind, such as pirates, bandits, cultists, and soldiers from the opposing faction, join more unnatural monsters like undead, oozes, gryphons, and elementals, in providing conflict and danger on your journeys.

You'll also see some familiar monstrous creatures, such as ogres, gnolls, centaurs, satyrs, murlocs, wildkin, and others, that are inspired by the hostile creeps of Warcraft III. And you'll encounter more spectacular enemies like demons, infernals, dragonspawn, and mighty dragons stalking the dungeons and high-level areas of the world.

The territories and terrain you will be able to explore are vast and varied. In addition to borrowing from some of the most storied locations in Warcraft history, the game also shows off many different kinds of environments, such as the lush forests in Ashenvale and Feralas, the snowy mountains in Dun Morogh, the savannah of the Barrens, the plains of Mulgore, and the deserts of Tanaris. Swamps in Un'Goro Crater, jungles in Stranglethorn Vale, farmland in Elwynn Forest, and even deforested hills in Stonetalon Mountains are some more of the many environmental regions you can explore. Terrain that has been vastly altered by magic and the ravages of war also appear in the game. The razed city of Dalaran, encased in a protective magic shell, is a painful reminder of the devastation of the Reign of Chaos, while the infested Eastern and Western Plaguelands are filled with diseased animals and plantlife, courtesy of the Scourge's plague.

This long list of fascinating terrain doesn't even include the underground environments and dungeons of the world. There are dungeons available for all ranges of mid- to high-level players, and offer many rich quests, rewards, and enemies to encounter in the depths below ground.